The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is one of the most significant pieces of civil rights legislation in American history. Signed into law in 1990, it prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life — including jobs, schools, transportation, and public and private places open to the general public.

One of the ADA’s most important aspects is its requirement that employers provide “reasonable accommodations” to qualified employees with disabilities. But what exactly does that mean, and how does it work in practice?

What is a Reasonable Accommodation?

A reasonable accommodation is any change or adjustment to a job or work environment that enables a qualified individual with a disability to perform essential job functions or to enjoy equal employment opportunities.

Examples of reasonable accommodations include:

• Modifying work schedules

• Providing assistive technology or equipment

• Adjusting training materials or policies

• Making facilities accessible

• Allowing remote work or telecommuting options

• Reassigning the employee to a vacant position

The goal of accommodations is not to give someone an unfair advantage, but rather to create a level playing field.

Who is Protected Under the ADA?

The ADA protects individuals with physical or mental impairments that substantially limit one or more major life activities. This includes conditions such as:

• Mobility impairments

• Chronic illnesses (like diabetes or epilepsy)

• Mental health conditions (such as depression, PTSD, or anxiety disorders)

• Sensory disabilities (such as blindness or deafness)

It’s important to note that the definition of disability under the ADA is broad. Even temporary impairments, depending on their severity, can sometimes be covered.

How Does the Accommodation Process Work?

When an employee needs an accommodation, the process typically starts with a request. The employee doesn’t need to use any “magic words” or reference the ADA explicitly — they simply need to let their employer know that they need an adjustment related to a medical condition.

From there, employers and employees engage in an interactive process:

• The employer may ask for reasonable documentation to understand the disability and the need for accommodation.

• Together, they discuss potential accommodations.

• Employers are required to provide accommodations unless doing so would create an “undue hardship” — meaning significant difficulty or expense relative to the employer’s size and resources.

Open communication is key. The ADA encourages flexibility and collaboration to find solutions that work for both the employer and the employee.

Why Accommodations Benefit Everyone

Providing accommodations is not just about compliance; it’s about building inclusive, supportive workplaces. Research shows that inclusive workplaces have higher employee engagement, lower turnover, and greater innovation. Plus, many accommodations are low-cost or even free — and they create a work environment where all employees can thrive.

Final Thoughts

The ADA stands as a powerful affirmation of equal rights and opportunities for individuals with disabilities. By understanding the law and committing to meaningful accommodations, employers and employees can work together to foster more inclusive, equitable workplaces for everyone.

If you have questions about your rights or responsibilities under the ADA, consulting with an attorney or a human resources professional can provide valuable guidance.